Reviewed August 2026 against World Nuclear Association country-profile data and InvestingNews battery-metals pricing.

Try it: Enter values above to estimate LCE-equivalent value. →

Three companies do almost all of Australia’s hard-rock lithium mining — Pilbara Minerals, Allkem (formed from the 2022 merger of Galaxy Resources and Orocobre), and Lithium Australia, which focuses on recycling rather than extraction. On the uranium side, the field is smaller still: BHP runs Olympic Dam in South Australia, Energy Resources of Australia (ERA) is rehabilitating the closed Ranger mine in the Northern Territory, and Cameco Corporation holds Australian project partnerships including Kintyre and Yeelirrie in Western Australia. Below is what each company actually operates, what the country’s uranium reserves and output look like against World Nuclear Association data, and where to check current lithium prices and production figures yourself, since both move fast enough that any number printed here needs a live source next to it.

Australia’s Position in Lithium and Uranium Mining

Western Australia’s Pilbara and Goldfields regions host the country’s hard-rock spodumene mines, while South Australia’s Olympic Dam and the Northern Territory’s Ranger site anchor its uranium history. Two separate mineral industries, two separate sets of companies — and this article covers only the companies mining lithium and uranium inside Australia, not the broader critical-minerals sector or mining companies operating outside Australia.

• 🔋 Lithium feeds battery-grade hydroxide and carbonate production for EV and grid-storage manufacturers
• ☢️ Uranium is mined for nuclear fuel supply chains, mostly for export

Why Lithium Mining in Australia Matters Globally

Global lithium carbonate spot pricing sat at $21,940 per tonne in Northeast Asian markets as of 12 August 2026, per InvestingNews’ lithium forecast tracker, down from the $26,278 per tonne battery-grade carbonate price recorded for Q1 2026 by the same source. That swing — roughly 16% in a matter of months — is the reason any production or revenue figure in this article needs a live price check before you use it in a model: lithium pricing is one of the most volatile inputs in the entire minerals sector.

Companies that mine lithium in Australia sell spodumene concentrate — the raw hard-rock output — either as feedstock to overseas converters or, increasingly, to in-country hydroxide and carbonate processing plants. That processing step is where Allkem and Pilbara Minerals have both been investing, since converting concentrate to battery-grade chemicals captures more value onshore than shipping raw ore.

Why Lithium Is a Critical Battery Input

Companies That Mine Lithium in Australia

Three names cover the field: one large-scale hard-rock producer, one diversified international operator, and one recycling specialist. Here is what each actually does, distinct from marketing language about “leadership” or “innovation.”

Pilbara Minerals

Pilbara Minerals operates the Pilgangoora lithium-tantalum project in Western Australia, one of the largest hard-rock spodumene operations in the country. It sells concentrate under offtake agreements to battery manufacturers in Asia and has been expanding downstream processing capacity to move further up the value chain rather than exporting raw ore exclusively.

• 🏭 Site: Pilgangoora Project, Western Australia
• 🔗 Offtake: long-term supply contracts with Asian and European battery manufacturers
• ⏩ Direction: continued investment in downstream processing to retain value onshore

Allkem Limited

Allkem was formed in 2022 through the merger of Galaxy Resources and Orocobre. The combined company runs hard-rock spodumene mining in Australia alongside brine-based lithium extraction in Argentina, giving it two distinct production methods under one balance sheet.

• 🧪 Products: both lithium hydroxide and lithium carbonate, covering different battery-chemistry needs
• 🏭 Processing: expanding Australian conversion capacity to add value onshore
• 🌊 Argentina operations: brine-based extraction, a different technical process from Australian hard-rock mining

Lithium Australia

Lithium Australia is not a large-scale primary miner — its focus is recovering lithium from spent batteries and mining waste, and developing extraction processes aimed at a circular-economy supply model rather than new resource extraction.

• 🔄 Focus: recovering lithium from spent batteries and mine tailings
• 💡 R&D: extraction and recycling process development, not bulk spodumene mining

Uranium Mining: Australia’s Reserve Base and Output

Australia held approximately 1.7 million tonnes of uranium in the reasonably-assured resource category recoverable at under $130/kg, according to the World Nuclear Association’s Australia country profile using 2022 data — about 28% of the world’s known uranium reserves at that assessment. Production that year came in at 4,820 tonnes of U₃O₈. Both figures are country-profile snapshots that the World Nuclear Association updates on its own schedule, so check the profile directly for the current assessment rather than treating 2022 as an ongoing figure.

That reserve base sits behind three companies with very different roles: one rehabilitating a closed mine, one running an active polymetallic operation, and one holding exploration and development partnerships rather than Australian production. Details on the country’s uranium sector, including regulatory context, are covered on Farmonaut’s Australia uranium mines trends and market impact page.

Companies That Mine Uranium in Australia

1. Energy Resources of Australia (ERA)

ERA operated the Ranger uranium mine in the Northern Territory until production ceased in 2021. Since then, ERA’s work has shifted entirely to site rehabilitation — tailings management and groundwater remediation — rather than new uranium output. Anyone modeling ERA as a current uranium producer is working from outdated information; its role today is closure, not extraction.

• 📍 Site: Ranger, Northern Territory — production ceased 2021, now in rehabilitation
• ♻️ Current work: tailings and groundwater remediation, not mining

2. BHP Group

BHP operates Olympic Dam in South Australia, a polymetallic mine producing uranium alongside copper and gold from the same ore body. It is the one Australian uranium operation that is genuinely active at scale, and its uranium output is a byproduct stream of a copper-led operation rather than a uranium-first mine.

• ⛏️ Site: Olympic Dam, South Australia — active polymetallic operation (uranium, copper, gold)
• 🔗 Buyers: uranium output sold into Asian, European, and North American nuclear fuel markets

3. Cameco Corporation (Australian Partnerships)

Cameco is headquartered in Canada but holds Australian project interests, including the Kintyre and Yeelirrie deposits in Western Australia. Neither is in active production — both sit at exploration and development stages, which is why Cameco’s Australian presence is a partnership and permitting story rather than a current output figure.

• 🌏 Sites: Kintyre and Yeelirrie, Western Australia — development-stage, not yet producing
• 🧭 Role: holds Australian uranium ground through partnerships rather than domestic Canadian operations

Technology, Supply Chains, and Exploration

Both sectors face the same structural question: how much processing happens onshore versus how much raw material gets exported. For lithium, that means the shift from shipping spodumene concentrate toward producing battery-grade hydroxide and carbonate domestically. For uranium, it means the balance between active production (Olympic Dam), closure work (Ranger), and development-stage exploration (Kintyre, Yeelirrie).

• 📊 Exploration: satellite and remote-sensing analytics are increasingly used ahead of ground campaigns to narrow drill targets
• ✔ Processing: onshore lithium hydroxide and carbonate conversion reduces reliance on raw concentrate exports
• ⚠ Price risk: the $21,940 to $26,278 per tonne swing in lithium carbonate pricing shown above directly affects project economics and financing decisions

Satellite-Based Mineral Intelligence for Exploration

Before any of the companies above can report a resource figure, that resource has to be located and delineated — traditionally a slow, ground-heavy process. Farmonaut’s approach uses satellite spectral analysis to flag mineralized anomalies and narrow target zones before drilling begins.

• 🌐 Coverage: deployed across multiple continents and geological settings, including Australian terrain
• 🤖 Method: spectral analysis to identify anomaly zones ahead of ground surveys
• 🔍 Deliverables: anomaly heatmaps, 3D subsurface models, and geological interpretation reports

Full detail is on the satellite-based mineral detection page.

Company Comparison Table

Lithium Concentrate Value Calculator

Estimate the value of a spodumene concentrate shipment using the lithium carbonate pricing range cited above and your own tonnage and conversion assumptions.

Outlook and How to Track These Figures Yourself

Company-level production volumes for individual lithium miners — how many tonnes Pilbara Minerals or Allkem actually shipped in their most recent quarter — are not published in any source available for this article; the way to get them is directly from each company’s quarterly ASX production report, which is filed roughly six weeks after each quarter closes. The same applies to all-in production costs per tonne, capacity-expansion capital commitments, and grade specifications by mine: these are disclosed by the companies themselves, not by a single aggregator, so check the specific operator’s investor-relations page for the mine in question.

• 📈 Lithium pricing: track via InvestingNews’ lithium forecast page (linked above) or commodity trackers such as Intratec and IMARC Group, which update daily to weekly
• 📊 Australian production data: the Department of Industry’s Resources and Energy Quarterly, published each June, carries fiscal-year production and export forecasts
• 🌍 US mineral benchmarks: the USGS Mineral Commodity Summaries, published annually, covers both lithium and uranium production data for comparison against Australian output
• ☢️ Uranium reserves and output: the World Nuclear Association updates its Australia country profile on its own schedule — check it directly rather than citing the 2022 figures in this article as current

FAQs: Lithium and Uranium Mining Companies in Australia

1. What companies mine lithium in Australia?
   Pilbara Minerals (Pilgangoora, WA) and Allkem Limited (formed from the 2022 merger of Galaxy Resources and Orocobre) are the two active hard-rock producers. Lithium Australia focuses on recycling lithium from batteries and mining waste rather than primary extraction.
2. What are the top lithium companies in Australia by scale?
   Pilbara Minerals and Allkem are the two largest hard-rock lithium operators by mine scale. For exact current tonnage, check each company’s most recent quarterly production report — figures move every quarter and are not static.
3. What companies mine uranium in Australia?
   BHP (Olympic Dam, South Australia) is the only currently active large-scale uranium producer. Energy Resources of Australia operated Ranger until 2021 and is now in rehabilitation. Cameco Corporation holds Australian development-stage projects at Kintyre and Yeelirrie but is not currently producing there.
4. How much uranium does Australia produce, and how large are its reserves?
   Australia produced 4,820 tonnes of U₃O₈ in 2022 and held about 1.7 million tonnes in reasonably-assured reserves (under $130/kg), roughly 28% of world reserves, per the World Nuclear Association’s country profile. Check the profile directly for any more recent assessment.
5. What is the current lithium carbonate price?
   Global lithium carbonate spot price was $21,940 per tonne in Northeast Asian markets as of 12 August 2026, down from $26,278 per tonne in Q1 2026, per InvestingNews. Check the source link for the current figure, since this price moves frequently.
6. How does Farmonaut support exploration for these mining companies?
   Farmonaut’s satellite-based platform identifies mineralized anomaly zones ahead of ground surveys, reducing the time and disturbance needed for early-stage lithium and uranium exploration.

Useful Links for Mining Sector Stakeholders

• Satellite-Based Mineral Detection by Farmonaut – identify and validate mineral prospects with satellite analytics.
• Satellite Driven 3D Mineral Prospectivity Mapping – visualize sub-surface deposit potential.
• Australia Uranium Mines: Trends and Market Impact – deeper detail on the country’s uranium sector.
• Ranger Uranium Mine: Location and Impact – background on ERA’s former flagship site.
• Biggest US Uranium, Iron Ore, Oil & Gas Companies – for readers comparing against US-based operators including Cameco’s North American footprint.
• Get a mining exploration quote – connect with Farmonaut for a project assessment.
• Contact Farmonaut for support – guidance on satellite, GIS, and mineral data solutions.

Conclusion

The list of companies that mine lithium and uranium in Australia is shorter than it looks from the outside: two active hard-rock lithium producers (Pilbara Minerals, Allkem), one recycling specialist (Lithium Australia), one active polymetallic uranium operation (BHP’s Olympic Dam), one uranium miner in rehabilitation (ERA at Ranger), and one uranium developer without current Australian production (Cameco). Track the World Nuclear Association’s country profile for reserve and output updates, and a live lithium price tracker such as InvestingNews for pricing — both numbers move on their own schedule, independent of any company’s news cycle.